There are multiple types of B-ultrasound examinations to determine whether the pregnancy is normal or abnormal. If it is an intrauterine pregnancy, an accurate due date can be calculated based on this; But there may also be problems such as ectopic pregnancy or molar pregnancy, which need to be dealt with promptly once discovered. Early pregnancy ultrasound can also determine the number of embryos and understand fetal development. So, how should expectant mothers view the complex data and code on ultrasound scans?
GS - gestational sac: also known as gestational sac. Women who have regular menstrual periods of 28-30 days can see the gestational sac in the uterine cavity by B-ultrasound after 35 days of amenorrhea. At 6 weeks of pregnancy, the diameter of the gestational sac is about 2 centimeters, and at 10 weeks of pregnancy, it is about 5 centimeters. The position of the gestational sac in the uterine fundus, anterior wall, posterior wall, upper part, and middle part is normal; Circular, elliptical, and clear shapes are considered normal; If the gestational sac is irregular, blurry, and located in the lower part, and the pregnant woman experiences abdominal pain or vaginal bleeding at the same time, abortion may be necessary.
FE - Fetal Sprout: Early stage fetus. B-ultrasound shows fetal bud CRL - head to hip length during pregnancy 6-7 weeks. It is the distance between the fetal head and buttocks, indicating the longest axis measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fetal body. It is mainly used to determine gestational age between 7-12 weeks.
FH - fetal head: intact contour is normal, defects and deformations are abnormal, no displacement of the midline of the brain and no hydrocephalus are normal.
BDP - biparietal diameter of the fetal head: the length of the widest part between the left and right sides of the fetal head, also known as the "greater transverse diameter of the head". At full-term pregnancy, it should reach 9.3 centimeters or more.
H-fetal heart rate: B-ultrasound shows fetal heartbeat at 7-8 weeks of pregnancy and at the end of the 6th week of the earliest pregnancy. The normal frequency of fetal heartbeat is between 120-160 beats per minute.
FL - Femoral length: refers to the length of the fetal thigh bone, also known as "thigh bone length" or "femur length". The length of the femur between the base of the fetal thigh and the knee. Its normal value differs from the corresponding BPD value for the month of pregnancy by about 2-3 centimeters.
SP - Spine: The fetal spine can be seen after 12 weeks of pregnancy, and it becomes clear and distinguishable at 20 weeks of pregnancy. The fetal spine is continuous and normal, while the defect is abnormal, indicating possible spinal deformities.
FM - Fetal Movement: Fetal movement can be seen on ultrasound at 8-9 weeks of pregnancy. Having or having strong is normal, while having no or weak may indicate that the fetus is sleeping or an abnormal condition, and should be analyzed comprehensively in conjunction with other factors.
Cord - Umbilical cord: Under normal circumstances, the umbilical cord should float in amniotic fluid. If an image of the umbilical cord is seen at the fetal neck, it may indicate that the umbilical cord is wrapped around the neck.
PL - Placenta: Position indicates the position of the placenta on the uterine wall; The thickness of a normal full-term placenta should be between 2.5-5 centimeters.
GP (Placental Grading): Generally, the placenta is classified into grades 0, I, II, and III. Grade I is the early stage of placental maturation, with uniform echogenicity, which can be observed at 30-32 weeks of gestation; Grade II indicates that the placenta is approaching maturity; Grade III indicates that the placenta has matured and there are many calcifications in the placenta, which appear as small sand particles and generally do not pose a threat to fetal life, but should be taken seriously. The closer it is to term, the more mature the placenta becomes, and the uneven echo.
AMN - Amniotic fluid: MVP (maximum vertical depth of amniotic fluid pool) between 3-7 centimeters is normal, exceeding 7 centimeters indicates an increase in amniotic fluid, and less than 3 centimeters indicates a decrease in amniotic fluid. The amniotic fluid index (AFI) is calculated by dividing the umbilical cord of a pregnant woman into four regions: upper, lower, left, and right. The depth of amniotic fluid in each region is added together to obtain the AFI. The normal value for the AFI in late pregnancy is 8-18 centimeters. Exceeding 18 centimeters indicates an increase in amniotic fluid, while less than 8 centimeters indicates a decrease in amniotic fluid. AFI is more scientific in determining the amount of amniotic fluid. S/D (A/D) - The ratio of fetal umbilical artery systolic pressure to diastolic pressure is related to fetal blood supply. When the placenta function is poor or the umbilical cord is abnormal, this ratio may be abnormal. In normal pregnancy, as the gestational age increases, the fetus needs to increase S to decrease and D to increase, causing the ratio to decrease. In near term pregnancy, S/D is less than 3.
Common abbreviations for fetal ultrasound include TCD, cerebellar transverse diameter HC, head circumference AC, abdominal circumference FTH, and estimated value Y (g) of fetal subcutaneous fat thickness in the legs.
After understanding the importance of ultrasound and how to read ultrasound sheets, what else should be noted when doing ultrasound in early pregnancy?
1. Early pregnancy ultrasound requires a certain amount of urine to accumulate in the bladder in order to see clearly, so it is necessary to hold urine in advance.
2. Don't go for an ultrasound on an empty stomach, as some data cannot be seen clearly and may result in inaccurate measurements.
3. Pregnant women should avoid being too nervous during the examination and cooperate with the doctor's examination.
4. Do not eat foods that are prone to gas production, such as milk, sweet potatoes, etc., before undergoing ultrasound.
5. Before undergoing an ultrasound, touch your stomach frequently and ensure proper communication between mother and baby to ensure the normal operation of the ultrasound.
