China is a big country of hepatitis B, and mother to child transmission is the main transmission route of hepatitis B in China. More than half of hepatitis B infected people in China are infected by mother to child transmission. The mother infant transmission routes of hepatitis B include intrauterine infection, intrapartum infection and postpartum infection. The incidence of intrauterine infection is 2% -15%, mainly occurring after 28 weeks of pregnancy. According to reports, 85% of newborn infections are caused by exposure to blood and vaginal secretions during childbirth. The incidence of postpartum infections is relatively low.
Since hepatitis B is mainly transmitted from mother to child, the question that people often pay attention to is: can you have children with hepatitis B virus? In fact, hepatitis B carriers can give birth to a healthy child. The mother to child transmission of hepatitis B can be controlled or avoided as long as the following things are done well:
1. Within 12 weeks of pregnancy, establish a maternal and child health card (booklet) and undergo the first prenatal examination as required. If any abnormalities are found, seek treatment and control as soon as possible to minimize the impact;
2. Check once a month to monitor various indicators of pregnant women, promptly detect abnormalities and receive timely treatment;
3. During delivery, delivery should be carried out in a regular hospital or maternal and child health care hospital. The hospital will inject "hepatitis B immunoglobulin" to the newborn, which can block the transmission of hepatitis B during delivery;
4. After childbirth, according to the mother's condition, feed according to the doctor's requirements (if the mother's HBV-DNA is high after childbirth, breast milk should be avoided, depending on the situation and following the doctor's advice);
5. The first dose of hepatitis B vaccine is given to the baby in the second month after birth (under normal circumstances, if the mother does not have hepatitis B, it needs to be injected within 24 days of birth, but if the mother has hepatitis B, it can only be injected with "hepatitis B immunoglobulin" at birth, and hepatitis B vaccine can be injected after one month, and other vaccines are vaccinated as usual);
6. When the baby is 8 months old or 1 year old, check the baby for "two pairs and a half of hepatitis B" to see if there are protective antibodies. If there are antibodies, they will not be infected in the future. If two pairs and a half are completely negative, three doses of hepatitis B vaccine need to be vaccinated again.
Hepatitis B virus carriers also need active treatment in order to avoid deterioration of their condition. They should choose a formal and authoritative hospital during treatment, so as to better guarantee the effect of treatment.
