The probability of immunity before the age of two is very low, so generally after being infected with the virus, it can cause rash in young children. After the age of two, they cannot be completely immune to this virus, but the probability is higher. Therefore, there are fewer cases of rash in young children after the age of two, but it does not mean that it is impossible to have rash in young children after the age of two.
Childhood rash is a common acute febrile rash disease in infants and young children, characterized by a sudden drop in body temperature and the appearance of rose red papules after 3-5 days of high fever. It is one of the common viral infectious diseases in children, which can be divided into prodromal stage and rash stage.
1. Prodromal period
The child suddenly develops high fever without obvious cause, with a body temperature of 39-40 ℃ or higher, presenting as persistent fever or relaxed fever. After 3-4 days, the body temperature drops sharply, and in a few cases, the body temperature gradually decreases or returns to normal after 24 hours of high fever, followed by intermittent fever for 2-3 days. Most children, except for those with high fever, generally have good conditions, while a few children may experience seizures and meningeal irritation during high fever. In winter, there are often respiratory symptoms such as coughing, runny nose, rhinitis, and mild to moderate congestion in the throat. Patients who develop the disease in summer and autumn often experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and other symptoms.
2. Eruption period
The rash mostly appears 3-4 days after fever, with a sudden drop in body temperature and a few appearing during fever reduction, which is the main characteristic of this disease. The rash appears as light red macules or papules, with a diameter of about 3mm and a light red halo around it. It fades under pressure and is mostly scattered, but can also merge. It is not itchy. The rash starts from the neck and trunk and quickly spreads throughout the body within one day, with more rash on the trunk, waist, and buttocks. There are fewer rashes on the face and distal limbs, and there are usually no rashes below the elbows, knees, or palms and soles. The rash begins to subside after a few hours and completely disappears within 1-2 days without shedding or pigmentation. During the fever period, a small number of patients may have light red rashes on their cheeks and uvula, which disappear immediately after the rash appears.
Childhood rash has self-healing properties, and the treatment principle is mainly symptomatic treatment. Physical cooling during high fever and appropriate use of antipyretics to prevent febrile seizures; The child should rest in bed, replenish sufficient water, and be given easily digestible food; Properly apply traditional Chinese medicine that clears heat and detoxifies. There is currently no effective prevention method. Generally, patients do not need to be isolated, but those with fever require temporary isolation and treatment.
