Pediatric physical examination is an examination of a child's body. Pediatric physical examination is an important action to discover whether a child's physical development is normal. Through physical examination, hidden diseases in children can be effectively eliminated, problems can be identified and dealt with, ensuring the normal growth and development of children. So how many times are there physical examinations for children, and what should be checked?
1. First physical examination (42nd day after birth)
At this point, the child's physical development has the following characteristics:
Vision: Able to focus on larger objects and easily move in one direction with both eyes following the flashlight light.
Limbs: Its small arms and calves always like to be in a bent state, with two small hands holding fists.
Trace elements: Babies under 6 months old need 600mg of calcium per day, while they can only get around 300mg of calcium from breast milk or formula. Babies can start taking cod liver oil and calcium tablets from the 15th day after birth. Calcium supplements that are easily soluble in water have better absorption effects, so it is important to choose and take them under the guidance of a doctor.
After the baby is one month old, they can be taken out to bask in the sun, which can convert the vitamin sources in the skin into vitamin D and promote the absorption of calcium.
Genitalia: The testicles of male infants should descend into the scrotum.
2. Second physical examination (when the baby is 6 months old)
Movement development: able to turn over, able to sit, but still not very stable. Will reach out and take what you want, and stuff it into your mouth.
Vision: The body can rotate with the head and eyes, and can stare at bright targets and toys for about half a minute.
Listening: Pay attention and look around to find new sources of sound, and be able to turn to the place where the sound is coming from.
Teeth: Some 6-month-old children may have two teeth, while others may not have teeth yet. It is important to give them more solid foods that are slightly harder, such as dry bread, cookies, etc., to practice chewing and grind their gums, promoting tooth growth. Due to the stimulation of teething, saliva secretion increases, and the phenomenon of drooling continues and worsens. Some children may experience nipple biting.
Blood: After 6 months, the hematopoietic substances obtained from the mother's body are basically exhausted. If not replenished in time, anemia is prone to occur. It is necessary to analyze the cause of anemia, whether it is due to diet or illness. Correct anemia as soon as possible. When at home, pay attention to observing whether the child's complexion, lips, skin and mucous membranes are pale. If so, anemia should be considered and further examination should be conducted at the hospital.
Why do babies need blood tests during a 6-month-old physical examination?
Q: I heard that babies need blood tests during their 6-month-old physical examination. Why is that?
A: Most parents have some concerns when they see their children need blood tests, but it is necessary to do some laboratory tests at 6 months old, such as measuring hemoglobin levels, to understand whether there is anemia, and to conduct corresponding biochemical tests based on the baby's physical examination to determine whether there is nutritional deficiency.
Bones: Children after 6 months of age have an increasing need for calcium, and calcium deficiency can lead to unstable nighttime sleep, excessive sweating, and occipital baldness. In more severe cases, there may be craniofacial and rib valgus. Children should be allowed outdoor activities every day and continue to take calcium tablets and vitamin AD pills.
3. The third physical examination (when the baby is 9 months old)
Movement development: able to sit very steadily, able to sit up from a lying position and then lie down, able to climb back and forth flexibly, able to stand on the railing. Both hands can flexibly knock on building blocks. The thumb and index finger can pick up small things in coordination.
Vision: able to focus on a single line on the screen. Vision is about 0.1.
Teeth: The eruption time of baby teeth in children is mostly between 6 and 8 months. The calculation formula for baby teeth in children is age minus 4 to 6 months. At this time, attention should be paid to protecting teeth.
Skeleton: Encourage children to engage in outdoor activities every day, receive ultraviolet radiation, promote the production of vitamin D in the skin, and continue to take calcium tablets and vitamin AD pills.
Trace elements: It is best to check the trace elements in the body, as children are prone to calcium and zinc deficiencies. Children with zinc deficiency generally have poor appetite, weakened immunity, and are prone to illness.
4. The 4th physical examination (when the baby is 10 months old)
Movement development: able to support one's head, when lying prone, able to lift the head and form a 90 degree angle with the shoulder blades. When standing up, both legs can support the body.
Vision: Both eyes can follow the movement of the pen holder, and the head also rotates accordingly.
Listening: When hearing a sound, people will show an expression of attentive listening, and when talking to them, they will try to turn towards the speaker.
Oral cavity: At this time, the child's salivary glands are developing and saliva often flows out of the mouth.
Blood: A 4-month-old child has already consumed the trace element iron brought from the mother's body. If iron intake is not taken seriously in daily food, anemia is prone to occur. It is necessary to give the child more iron rich foods such as egg yolks, pork liver soup, and liver puree. But iron supplements cannot be taken.
Trace elements: At this time, children should continue to supplement calcium and vitamin D, and add fresh vegetable juice, fruit puree, and other supplements that are easily deficient in vitamin C. Their food contains as little salt as possible to avoid adding burden to the child's liver and kidneys.
5. The 5th physical examination (when the baby is 1 year old)
Motor development: At this point, children can stand up on their own, walk with support, and climb stairs with both hands and feet; Can use crayons to poke dots or lines on paper.
Vision: Can hold parents' fingers, nose, hair, or eyes, and mostly caresses toys or stares at nearby objects.
Listening: When shouting at him, he can turn around or look up.
Teeth: According to the formula, there should be 6-8 teeth. The latest time for baby teeth to sprout should not exceed one year old. If a child's teething is too late or the order of teething is reversed, the cause should be investigated, which may be caused by calcium deficiency or hypothyroidism.
6. The 6th physical examination (when the baby is 18 months old)
At the age of 1-2, the physical examination will be conducted every six months. By the time of the sixth physical examination, the child was already 18 months old.
Urine and bowel movements: able to control one's own bowel movements, and can also control urination during the day. If one wets their pants, they will actively signal.
Motor development: able to walk independently, walk backwards, run, but sometimes fall down; He can support the railing step by step up the stairs, and when he steps down, he climbs back or sits on his hips.
Vision: At this time, attention should be paid to protecting the child's vision, avoiding watching TV as much as possible, and avoiding strabismus.
Listening: Can understand simple words and do them according to your requirements.
Blood: Children need to have their hemoglobin checked to see if there is anemia.
At this time, if the child has some special problems that attract the attention of the doctor, the doctor may remind you during this physical examination.
Ascaris worm disease: A child who is 1.5 years old and can eat and drink on their own, but has not yet developed good hygiene habits, is easily infected with Ascaris worm disease. You should check your stool to see if there are any insect eggs.
Elbow dislocation: One and a half year old children are lively and active, but their elbow joint capsule and elbow ligaments are loose and weak, which can easily cause subluxation of the scratched bone when suddenly pulled. Parents should avoid excessive pulling when teaching their children how to dress them.
7. The 7th physical examination (when the baby is 2 years old)
Movement development: able to walk steadily, run, and climb stairs alone. Can string beads together and draw circles and straight lines on paper with crayons.
Urine and feces: completely controllable.
Teeth: 20 baby teeth have already emerged, so it is important to take care of your teeth..
Listening: I have mastered about 300 vocabulary words and can speak simple sentences. If a child cannot speak fluently by the age of 2, they should go to the hospital for hearing screening.
8. 8th physical examination (baby 3 years old)
Movement development: able to control body balance freely, complete jumping, kicking, crossing obstacles, walking S-lines and other movements, able to use scissors, chopsticks, spoons, fold paper and knead clay.
Vision: By the age of 3, a child's vision reaches 0.5, which is a level of accuracy similar to that of an adult. At this time, babies should undergo a vision check, as approximately 3% of children in China suffer from amblyopia. Children themselves and parents generally find it difficult to detect.
If it can be discovered at the age of 3, the best treatment effect is before the age of 4, and it can still be treated at the age of 5-6. It is impossible to treat it after the age of 12.
If you have a baby aged 0-3 at home, you must actively conduct a physical examination for the child in order to detect any problems as early as possible, take necessary measures for active treatment and adjustment, and ensure the healthy growth of the child.
